Kinetic Theory

Objectives

• Describe how the kinetic-molecular theory is used to explain how gases behave at different temperatures. (Exploration 1) • Analyze data that shows how gas particle mass affects that gas’s behavior. (Exploration 2)

• Describe the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution. (Explorations 1 and 2)

Description of Activity

The kinetic-molecular theory states that a collection of gas molecules’ average kinetic energy has a specific value at any given temperature. In this activity, you will study how temperature and gas particle mass affect the frequency distribution of gas particle speeds. You will examine and analyze speed frequency distribution graphs. This distribution is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution.

Jump Start

1. What is kinetic energy? Kinetic energy of an object is the energy which it possesses due to its motion. 2. What is thermal energy? Part of the total, internal energy of thermodynamic system. 3. What happens to a gas’s thermal energy as that gas’s temperature increases? Thermal energy increases. 4. What happens to the average speeds of the particles in a gas when one increases that gas’s temperature? Speed increases as temperature increases.

Safety Discussion

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