This assignment is about how to plan and conduct a health promotion advice on an individual patient to improve patient’s quality of healthy life. In this essay, the author will first of all outline how the government policies, which are the National Service Framework (NSF) for Long-term Conditions and the NSF for Diabetes, were developed. The author will outline briefly all benefits are for her particular patient – Mr Smith (pseudonym name) in compliance with the NMC (2008) on confidentiality, is a 48 year-old taxi driver, who is newly diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), married with two teenage children. He frequently works during unsocial hours and has very unhealthy life style as he relies on fast-food from cafes for his meals. He is overweight with the Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 and is finding it challenging to maintain a normal blood glucose level. He is also concerned that he may lose his job should he be commenced on insulin. His eldest son is to start university next year and the fees are expensive. The author will then give an analysis of risk factors that may predispose Mr Smith to develop T2DM. Additionally, the author of this essay will briefly overview a health promotion model which is Procheska and Diclemente’s model, follow by a description of the application of this model in facilitating behaviour change with Mr Smith, utilising communication skills and some health promotion interventions to help him improve his health. The author will also acknowledge some barriers which may be encountered to Mr Smith’s lifestyle change and discuss some ethical issues relating to health promotion.

According to Mark et al (2005, p.4), health is defined as: “a state of well-being with physical, cultural, psychosocial, economic and spiritual attributes, not simply the absence of ill ness”. Therefore, putting medical or surgical intervention in saving lives and combating illness is not enough. In 2005, the Department of Health (DOH) updated and published the NSF for Long-term Conditions with the purposes are for the health and social bodies and their local partners to work together closely to plan and deliver services for all people with long-term conditions to make their lives better. This NSF sets eleven quality requirements for the health and social care services to support those with long-term neurological conditions to improve their quality’s lives, to manage their symptoms and live as independently as possible (DOH, 2005). Moreover, much of this NSF guidance can also apply to people with other long-term conditions. This NSF also aims to build on proposed changes in NHS management and commissioning to bring about a structured and systematic approach to delivering treatment and care for people with long-term conditions (DOH, 2005). Similarly, DOH recently updated the NSF for Diabetes with twelve new standard and key interventions which are necessary to raise the standards of diabetes care, in order to ensure that people with diabetes have the care that truly fits their needs, regardless of their age, gender, ethnic backgrounds and their social class (DOH, 2007). According to the NHS Choices, in the UK, diabet...

1984 1990 1996 1997 1998 1999 2.3 2000 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 30 40 48 66 absenc accord achiev acid acknowledg action activ addit addtion adopt advers advic advis affect age aim al alreadi also alway ambival analys analysi anxious appli applic approach appropri approxim argu aris arrang ashworth ask aspect assess assign associ attribut author autonomi awar background balanc barrier base becom begin behaviour benefic benefit best better blood bmi bodi break briefli bring british build cafe café call caplan carbohydr care carer carri caus challeng chanc chang check children choic chosen cite class clear clinic close combat come commenc commiss communic communiti complet complianc complic concern conclus condit conduct confid confidenti consid consist contain contempl continu contribut control cope could creat cultur current cycl dairi date decid decis declar defin deliv depart depend descript deserv desir determin develop diabet diagnos diari diclement diet dietari differ difficult dilemma direct director discuss diseas doh doherti dr driver due duti e.g eat econom effect eldest element eleven embarrass emot empathis empow empower enabl encount encourag enough ensur environment equal especi essay essenti establish et ethic ethnic event everi evid evidence-bas ewl exampl excel exercis expect expens experi explain express eye eye-to-ey facial facilit factor famili fast fast-food fat fatti fee feel feet fibr find first fish fit focus follow food form former foster framework freedom frequent friend fruit gather gender general get give given glucos glycaem go goal good govern greater group guidanc guidelin habit half hand health health-car healthi healthier healthy-diet hear heart help high high-fibr highlight hillson holist holland holt hour howev i.e identifi ii ill impact impair import improv includ increas independ index indirect individu inform initi inject insulin intak intens intervent introduc isol issu job join journal judg justic katz keep kendal key kidney kim know knowledg known lack lead least less let level life lifestyl like listen littl live local long long-term lose loss lot low low-fat low-glycaemic-index made main maintain mainten major make malefi manag marieb mark marri mass match matter may meal mean meanwhil medic meet mellitus mental method might million model moder modif monitor moreov motiv move mr much naido naidoo name nation necessari need ness neurolog nevertheless new newli next nhs nice nmc non non-insulin-dependent-diabet non-malefi non-verb normal nsf nurs obes object occur oili old one opportun order other outlin outpati overal overcom overview overweight p.379 p.393 p.4 p.57 p.637 particular partner partnership patient peer peopl perceiv perkin person persuad phenomenon physic plan play polici popul posit possibl practic practition precontempl predispos prepar prevent principl priorit problem process prochaska procheska produc product profession profound progress prolong promot propos protect provid pseudonym psychosoci public publish puls purpos put qualiti rais rang rather reach react readi realist reason reassur receiv recent receptor recognis recommend record reduc refer regard regardless regist relaps relat relationship relev reli requir research resist resolv respect respond return reward risk role safeguard safer said satur save say see seek serious servic set sever short signific similar simnett simpl simpli situat six skill smith smoke social son sourc specif speech spiritu stage standard start state status step still stori strategi structur style subsequ succeed success suffer support surgic symptom systemat t2dm tackl take talk tannahil taxi teenag term theoret theori therapi therebi therefor thing think thought throughout till time togeth told tone tran transtheoret treat treatment tri truli trust twelv two type uk unabl unawar uncertain understand understood unforeseen unhealthi univers unrealist unsoci up-to-d updat use utilis veget verbal vital walk websit week weight well well-b whether whilst wholegrain wide will wood work worri would year year-old yet