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Powering the Internet
Datacom Equipment in Telecom Facilities: The Need for a DC Powering Option

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Powering the Internet
For additional information, contact any of the members of this group of volunteers: Lars Bjšrkstršm Ericsson Components AB Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Cass Brown 3Com Mt. Prospect, IL, USA E-mail: [email protected] Gilles Esprit Safteu Power Systems Romainville, France E-mail: [email protected] John Hawkins Telepower Australia Knoxfield, VIC, 3180. Australia E-mail: [email protected] Bob Jurewicz Consulting Engineer Wisconsin Rapids, WI, USA E-mail: [email protected] Heinz Kiehne Consultant Breckerfeld, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Bo Lindemark Ericsson Components AB Stockholm, Sweden E-mail: [email protected] Dan McMenamin Bell Atlantic Fort Washington, PA, USA E-mail: [email protected] Seiichi Muroyama NTT Power and Building Facilities, Inc. Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

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John Parsons BT Network Power and Cooling Systems London, UK E-mail: [email protected] Jacques Poulin Astec Advanced Power Systems Ltd. Lachine, Quebec, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Klaus Rambold Siemens AG SNEPE MŸnchen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Chris Riddleberger Consulting Engineer Far Hills, NJ, USA E-mail: [email protected] David Sinclair RELTEC Lorain, OH USA E-mail: [email protected] Wilfried Schulz Deutsche Telekom Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Joseph Thottuvelil Lucent Technologies - Bell Labs Mesquite, TX, USA E-mail: [email protected] Katsuichi Yotsumoto NTT-BTI Tokyo, Japan E-mail: [email protected] John •kerlund Telia AB Farsta, Sweden E-mail: [email protected]

Copyright ©1998 by the Technical Subgroup on Telecommunications Energy Systems of the Power Electronics Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Permission to reproduce and distribute this document or to place it on the Internet/Web is hereby granted, provided this copyright notice is included in its entirety.

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Powering the Internet Table of Contents 1.

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INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................4 1.1. Problem Statement ...................................................................................................4 1.2. Vision .......................................................................................................................4 1.3. Objective of this Paper.............................................................................................4 1.4. Organisation .............................................................................................................4 2. PRESENT SITUATION .............................................................................................5 2.1. Addition of Datacom Equipment to Telecom Facilities...........................................5 2.2. Power for Traditional Telecom Equipment..............................................................5 2.3. Power for Datacom Equipment................................................................................6 2.4. Problems with Present Powering of Datacom Equipment.......................................8 2.4.1. Reserve Time....................................................................................................8 2.4.2. Earthing (Grounding)........................................................................................9 2.4.3. Distribution......................................................................................................9 2.4.4. Harmonic Distortion ......................................................................................11 2.4.5. Reliability.......................................................................................................11 2.4.6. Safety .............................................................................................................12 2.4.7. Maintenance...................................................................................................12 2.5. Advantages of DC Power.......................................................................................12 2.5.1. Technical Simplicity.......................................................................................12 2.5.2. Modularity and Maintenance.........................................................................12 2.5.3. Redundancy and Battery Charging.................................................................13 2.5.4. Established World Norms (Standards) and Safety.........................................13 2.5.5. Installed Base .................................................................................................13 2.5.6. Distribution and Isolation ..............................................................................13 3. CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................14 4. AC MAINS AVAILABILITY ..................................................................................16 4.1. North America, Europe and Japan.........................................................................16 4.2. Other Parts of the World........................................................................................17 4.3. Trends ....................................................................................................................17 5. RELIABILITY ANALYSES......................................................................................18 5.1. System Configurations...........................................................................................18 5.2. Models for Unavailability Analysis.......................................................................18 5.3. Unavailability Calculations ....................................................................................21 5.3.1. DC System 1..................................................................................................21 5.3.2. DC System 2..................................................................................................22 5.3.3. AC System.....................................................................................................22 5.4. Conclusions............................................................................................................22 6. COST ANALYSES....................................................................................................23 6.1. Central Office.........................................................................................................23 6.2. Remote Office ........................................................................................................24 7. MARKET ESTIMATES...........................................................................................26 8. PROGRESS TOWARD GOALS ..............................................................................28 9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................30 10. REFERENCES...........................................................................................................31 Page 3

Powering the Internet 1. 1.1. INTRODUCTION Problem Statement

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Telecommunications networks worldwide are evolving rapidly i...

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