1950s 1957
USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite. In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), the following year, within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:)

1961
Leonard Kleinrock, MIT: "Information Flow in Large Communication Nets" (May 31) First paper on packet-switching (PS) theory
1962
J.C.R. Licklider & W. Clark, MIT: "On-Line Man Computer Communication" (August) Galactic Network concept encompassing distributed social interactions 1964
Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks"
Packet-switching networks; no single outage point
1965
ARPA sponsors study on "cooperative network of time-sharing computers" TX-2 at MIT Lincoln Lab and AN/FSQ-32 at System Development Corporation (Santa Monica, CA) are directly linked (without packet switches) via a dedicated 1200bps phone line; Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) computer at ARPA later added to form "The Experimental Network" 1966

Lawrence G. Roberts, MIT: "Towards a Cooperative Network of Time-Shared Computers" (October) First ARPANET plan
1967
ARPANET design discussions held by Larry Roberts at ARPA IPTO PI meeting in Ann Arbor, Michigan (April) ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles in Gatlinburg, Tennessee (October) First design paper on ARPANET published by Larry Roberts: "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication First meeting of the three independent packet network teams (RAND, NPL, ARPA) National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in Middlesex, England develops NPL Data Network under Donald Watts Davies who coins the term packet. The NPL network, an experiment in packet-switching, used 768kbps lines 1968

PS-network presented to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Request for quotation for ARPANET (29 Jul) sent out in August; responses received in September University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) awarded Network Measurement Center contract in October Network Working Group (NWG), headed by Steve Crocker, loosely organized to develop host level protocols for communication over the ARPANET. (:vgc:) Tymnet built as part of Tymshare service (:vgc:)

1969
Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) awarded Packet Switch contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) in January US Senator Edward Kennedy sends a congratulatory telegram to BBN for its million-dollar ARPA contract to build the "Interfaith" Message Processor, and thanking them for their ecumenical efforts ARPANET commissioned by DoD for research into networking

Nodes are stood up as BBN builds each IMP [Honeywell DDP-516 mini computer with 12K of memory]; AT&T provides lines bundled to 50kbps Node 1: UCLA (30 August, hooked up 2 September)
Function: Network Measurement Center
System,OS: SDS SIGMA 7, SEX
Diagram of the first host to IMP connection
Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (SRI) (1 October)
Network Information Center (NIC)
SDS940/Genie
Doug Engelbart's project on "Augmentation of Human Intellect" Node 3: University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) (1 November) Culler-Fried Interactive Mathematics
IBM 360/75, OS/MVT
Node 4: University of Utah (December)
Graphics
DEC PDP-10, Tenex
Diagram of the 4-node ARPAnet
First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker (7 April) RFC 4: Network Timetable
First packets sent by Charley Kline at UCLA as he tried logging into SRI. The first attempt resulted in the system crashing as the letter G of LOGIN was entered. (October 29) [ Log entry ] Univ of Michigan, Michigan State and Wayne State Univ establish X.25-based Merit network for students, faculty, alumni (:sw1:)

1970
First publication of the original ARPANET Host-Host protocol: C.S. Carr, S. Crocker, V.G. Cerf, "HOST-HOST Communication Protocol in the ARPA Network," in AFIPS Proceedings of SJCC (:vgc:) First report on ARPANET at AFIPS: "Computer Network Development to Achieve Resource Sharing" (March) ALOHAnet, the first packet radio network, developed by Norman Abramson, Univ of Hawaii, becomes operational (July) (:sk2:) connected to the ARPANET in 1972

ARPANET hosts start using Network Control Protocol (NCP), first host-to-host protocol First cross-country link installed by AT&T between UCLA and BBN at 56kbps. This line is later replaced by another between BBN and RAND. A second line is added between MIT and Utah 1971

15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames BBN starts building IMPs using the cheaper Honeywell 316. IMPs however are limited to 4 host connections, and so BBN develops a terminal IMP (TIP) that supports up to 64 terminals (September) Ray Tomlinson of BBN invents email program to send messages across a distributed network. The original program was derived from two others: an intra-machine email program (SENDMSG) and an experimental file transfer program (CPYNET) (:amk:irh:) Project Gutenberg is started by Michael Hart with the purpose of making copyright-free works, including books, electronically available. The first text is the US Declaration of Independence (:dhr,msh:) 1972

Ray Tomlinson (BBN) modifies email program for ARPANET where it becomes a quick hit. The @ sign was chosen from the punctuation keys on Tomlinson's Model 33 Teletype for its "at" meaning (March) Larry Roberts writes first email management program (RD) to list, selectively read, file, forward, and respond to messages (July) International Conference on Computer Communications (ICCC) at the Washington D.C. Hilton with demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines and the Terminal Interface Processor (TIP) organized by Bob Kahn. (October) First computer-to-computer chat takes place at UCLA, and is repeated during ICCC, as psychotic PARRY (at Stanford) discusses its problems with the Doctor (at BBN). International Network Working Group (INWG) formed in October as a result of a meeting at ICCC identifying the need for a combined effort in advancing networking technologies. Vint Cerf appointed first Chair. By 1974, INWG became IFIP WG 6.1 (:vgc:) Louis Pouzin leads the French effort to build its own ARPANET - CYCLADES RFC 318: Telnet specification

1973
First international connections to the ARPANET: University College of London (England) via NORSAR (Norway) Bob Metcalfe's Harvard PhD Thesis outlines idea for Ethernet. The concept was tested on Xerox PARC's Alto computers, and the first Ethernet network called the Alto Aloha System (May) (:amk:) Bob Kahn poses Internet problem, starts Internetting research program at ARPA. Vinton Cerf sketches gateway architecture in March on back of envelope in a San Francisco hotel lobby (:vgc:) Cerf and Kahn present basic Internet ideas at INWG in September at Univ of Sussex, Brighton, UK (:vgc:) RFC 454: File Transfer specification

Network Voice Protocol (NVP) specification (RFC 741) and implementation enabling conference calls over ARPAnet. (:bb1:) SRI (NIC) begins publishing ARPANET News in March; number of ARPANET users estimated at 2,000 ARPA study shows email composing 75% of all ARPANET traffic Christmas Day Lockup - Harvard IMP hardware problem leads it to broadcast zero-length hops to any ARPANET destination, causing all other IMPs to send their traffic to Harvard (25 December) RFC 527: ARPAWOCKY

RFC 602: The Stockings Were Hung by the Chimney with Care
1974
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection" which specified in detail the design of a Transmission Control Program (TCP). [IEEE Trans Comm] (:amk:) BBN opens Telenet, the first public packet data service (a commercial version of ARPANET) (:sk2:) 1975

Operational management of Internet transferred to DCA (now DISA) First ARPANET mailing list, MsgGroup, is created by Steve Walker. Einar Stefferud soon took over as moderator as the list was not automated at first. A science fiction list, SF-Lovers, was to become the most popular unofficial list in the early days John Vittal develops MSG, the first all-inclusive email program providing replying, forwarding, and filing capabilities. Satellite links cross two oceans (to Hawaii and UK) as the first TCP tests are run over them by Stanford, BBN, and UCL "Jargon File", by Raphael Finkel at SAIL, first released (:esr:) Shockwave Rider by John Brunner (:pds:)

1976
Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom sends out an email on 26 March from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) in Malvern UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later. Multiprocessing Pluribus IMPs are deployed

1977
THEORYNET created by Larry Landweber at Univ of Wisconsin providing electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using a locally developed email system over TELENET) RFC 733: Mail specification

Tymshare spins out Tymnet under pressure from TELENET. Both go on to develop X.25 protocol standard for virtual circuit style packet switching (:vgc:) First demonstration of ARPANET/SF Bay Packet Radio Net/Atlantic SATNET operation of Internet protocols with BBN-supplied gateways in July (:vgc:) 1978

TCP split into TCP and IP (March)
Possibly the first commercial spam message is sent on 1 May by a DEC marketer advertising an upcoming presentation of its new DECSYSTEM-20 computers RFC 748: TELNET RANDOMLY-LOSE Option
1979
Meeting between Univ of Wisconsin, DARPA, National Science Foundation (NSF), and computer scientists from many universities to establish a Computer Science Department research computer network (organized by Larry Landweber). USENET established using UUCP between Duke and UNC by Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin. All original groups were under NET.* hierarchy. First MUD, MUD1, by Richard Bartle and Roy Trubshaw at U of Essex ARPA establishes the Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) Packet Radio Network (PRNET) experiment starts with DARPA funding. Most communications take place between mobile vans. ARPANET connection via SRI. On April 12, Kevin MacKenzie emails the MsgGroup a suggestion of adding some emotion back into the dry text medium of email, such as -) for indicating a sentence was tongue-in-cheek. Though flamed by many at the time, emoticons became widely used after Scott Fahlman suggested the use of :-) and :-( in a CMU BBS on 19 September 1982

1980s
1980
ARPANET grinds to a complete halt on 27 October because of an accidentally-propagated status-message virus First C/30-based IMP at BBN
1981
BITNET, the "Because It's Time NETwork"
Started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York, with the first connection to Yale (:feg:) Original acronym stood for 'There' instead of 'Time' in reference to the free NJE protocols provided with the IBM systems Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute information, as well as file transfers CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) built by a collaboration of computer scientists and Univ of Delaware, Purdue Univ, Univ of Wisconsin, RAND Corporation and BBN through seed money granted by NSF to provide networking services (especially email) to university scientists with no access to ARPANET. CSNET later becomes known as the Computer and Science Network. (:amk,lhl:) C/30 IMPs predominate the network; first C/30 TIP at SAC

Minitel (Teletel) is deployed across France by France Telecom. True Names by Vernor Vinge (:pds:)
RFC 801: NCP/TCP Transition Plan
1982
Norway leaves network to become an Internet connection via TCP/IP over SATNET; UCL does the same DCA and ARPA establish the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. (:vgc:) This leads to one of the first definitions of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets. DoD declares TCP/IP suite to be standard for DoD (:vgc:)

EUnet (European UNIX Network) is created by EUUG to provide email and USENET services. (:glg:) original connections between the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, and UK Exterior Gateway Protocol (RFC 827) specification. EGP is use...

-10 -155 -18 -2 -20 -21 -23 -28 -48 -516 -9 /) 0.20 000 01/73 01/89 01/91 01/92 01/93 01/94 01/95 01/96 01/97 02/86 022 024 03/77 04/71 04/92 04/93 05/82 056 06/70 06/74 063 07/88 07/89 07/91 07/92 07/93 07/94 07/95 07/96 07/97 08/81 08/83 086 089 1 1.01 1.02 1.09 1.12 1.17 1.25 1.5 1.544 1.76 1.8 10 10/70 10/72 10/84 10/85 10/88 10/89 10/90 10/91 10/92 10/93 10/94 100 1000th 100gb/s 101 1097 10gbps 11 11/86 111 1121 113 1149 1178 12 12/69 12/70 12/79 12/87 120 1200bps 1216 1217 12k 13 130 1300 1313 134 136 14 1437 1438 146 14m 15 150 155mbps 159 16 1605 1606 1607 16m 17 174 1752 18 188 1882 19 19100 1925 1950s 1957 1961 1962 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1980s 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1990s 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1m 1q 2 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.75 2.8 2.9 20 200 2000 2000s 2000th 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20th 21 210 2100 212 213 217 21st 22 2235 23 2321 2322 2323 2324 235 24 240 25 2549 2550 2551 2555 258 25th 26 2600 261 2626 27 272 275 2795 28 29 291 2nd 3 3.3 30 300 301 308 3091 3092 3093 31 313 316 318 32 320 3251 3252 33 338 34 341 35 3514 360/75 365 37 3751 376 38 39 3m 3rd 4 4.2 4.9 40 4041 4042 410 44.736 454 45mbps 46 472 4824 486 488 5 5.1 50 505 50kbps 5241 5242 526 527 533 535 538 539 540 5513 5514 556 56 562 569 56kbps 6 6.1 6.95 60 602 61 617 618 62 622mbps 634 64 642 650 671 68 69/8 6bone 7 7.5 71 722 727 733 741 748 75 767 768kbps 776 8 80 801 803 827 828 837 852 864 881 890 9 9.5 9.9 900 911 93 9600 961 968 98 992 997 a/b/c aarnet abat abbrevi abcnews.com abilen abilin abl abramson ac academ accept access accident accidentally-propag account achiev acm acronym across act activ activist actor actual ad ad-hoc ad1 adam add addit address administr adopt advanc advertis advisori ae aero af affect affili afghanistan afip africa african age agenc agenda agent agreement ai aim air aka al alan algeria all-inclus alleg alloc allow aloha alohanet along alreadi also altavista.com altern alternet although alto alumni amazon america american amidst amk amsterdam an an/fsq-32 andorra angel anguilla anièr ann anniversari announc annual anonym anoth antarctica antionlin anycast anyon aol apach appear applianc applic appoint apprehend approach approv apr april aq ar arabia arabian arafat arbor archi architectur area argentina arin arizona arm armenia armour around arpa arpanet arpanet/internet arpanet/sf arpawocki arriv art artifici aruba ascens asia ask asp asseenontv.com assign assist associ assum atlant atm atm/sonet atom atomics/cerfnet attack attempt attent au auction auda audio aug augment august auspic australia australian austria author authorit autom autos.com avail avcc avian aw awar award ax ba back backbon badtran bali.com baltimor ban bandwidth bangladesh bank banner baran barbara barrnet bartl base basi basic baud bay bb1 bbn bbn-suppli bbn.com bbs bcnet bd be becam becom begin behind beij belgium bell bellovin benefit benin beranek bergen berkeley berkeley.edu bermuda berner berners-le beta beverag beyond bf bg bhutan bi bill billion binari bind bissau bit bitnet biz bj black blaster block blog bloomberg bm board bob bogon bolt bonfir book border boredom born bosnia bosnia-herzegovina boston bouvet boycott br brazil breach break brendan brewster bridg brighton bring british broadcast browser brunner bsd bt bt1 build built bulgaria bundl burkina burrow burundi busi business.com bv byte bytes/month c c.s c/30 c/30-based ca cabl cach cadvis caico caledonia california call calren caltech cambodia cambridg cameras.com cameroon canada canada.gc.ca canada.gc.ca/) canadian canari cancelbot candy.com canter capabl cape card care carr carri carrier case cat catalan catalan-rel catch caus causes cayman cc cctld cd cda ceas celebr cell censor center central centuri cerf cerfnet cern cernet2 cert cf cg ch chad chair challenger.med.synapse.uah.ualberta.ca champion chang changeov charact charg charley charter chat cheaper cheek chicago chile chimney china chines chinese.com choos chosen chris christma ci cia circuit citi citizen cix cjk ck cl claim clark class classifi cleveland client clifford clinton clock clone close clothes.com cloud cm cmu cmu.edu cn cnet cnri co coast coast-to-coast coco code coffe cogent coin coincid collabor collaps collect colleg colombia coloni colour com com/.net combin come comm comment commerc commerci commiss commit committe common commot communic communiti comoro compani compaq comparison compet competit complet compli compos compuserv comput computer-to-comput computer.com concept concern confer configur confin confus congest congo congratulatori congress congression conitnu connect conserv consid consider consist consortium content content-typ continu contract contribut control controversi cook coop cooper coordin copi copyright copyright-fre core cornel corp corpor corporación corrupt cost costa cote council count countri country-wid coupl courriel court cpa.pro cpynet cr cracker craig crash crawler creat creditcards.com cren crimin croatia crocker cross cross-canada cross-countri cruises.co.uk cs cscr csiro csnet css.gov ctc cuckoo cudi culler culler-fri cultur cup current curtail custom cut cutov cv cwru cx cy cyberbank cybercrim cyberst cyberwar cyclad cyprus cz czech czechoslovakia d d.c damag darpa data databas datagram date davi day dca ddcsol ddos ddp de dea debut dec decemb decenc declar decomiss decommiss decss decsystem dedic deep defect defens defin definit degrad delawar delay delet dell demonstr denial denmark depart deploy dept deregul deriv desarrollo design desktop destin destruct detail detect determin deutsch develop devic dhcp dhr diagram dial dial-up diamond.com diego digit direct director directori disa disconnect discontinu discuss disk disput disrupt disruption-toler dissemin distribut district divers dk dk1 dns dnssec doc doctor document dod dollar domain domain.com donald done dot dot-kid doug download dr draft dri driven drop drug dtn duke dutch dz e e-auct e-bay e-commerc e-mail e-trad eager earli earn earn/bitnet earth earthquak east ebay ec ec1 ecmwf econom ecuador ecumen edg editor edu educ educaus edward ee eff effect effici effort eg egg egp egypt einar el elect electr electron elig elizabeth elli email embed embroil emerg emot emoticon emtag enabl encompass encrypt end endors enforc engelbart engin england english enhanc enjoy enough ensur enter entir entri envelop environ equatori equip er eritrea erron error es especi esr essex est establish estim estonia estrada et etf ethernet ethiopia etymolog eu eugen eunet europ european europeen euug eventu ever evid evil exact exampl exchang exhibit exist experi experiment explorezip explos export extend extens exterior facil faculti fahlman failur falkland famili fapesp faso fastest favor fbi fear feb februari feder fee feg fep fest feud fi fiber fiber-opt fiction fidel fidonet field fiesta fight fiji file final financi find finder finkel finnish fire firewal firm first first-ev fish.com five fj fk flag flame flash flock flow fly.com fm focal follow foo forc foreign forg form format former forward fought found foundat four fr fraction franc francisco free freenet french fri front frontier ftp ftp-data full fulli function fund fund.com futuna fuug fyi fête g g8 gain galact gambia garnish gate gateway gatlinburg gb gb1 gbps gck general generat generic geograph georgia/sandwich german germani get gf gg gh ghana gi gibraltar gibson gigabit girl give given glenn glg global gloriad gm gmc go good googl gopher gopherspac gordon gore gosip gov govern governor govt gp gq gr grant graphic great greatest greec green grid grind group grow growth gs gst gtld gtlds gtrn gu guadeloup guam guernsey guiana guid guidelin guinea guinea-bissau gutenberg guy.com gw géant hack hacker hai haiti halt hampshir handl hangeul.kr hardwar hart harvard hasten hate hawaii hdtv head header headlin hear heard heavi heelan held helena help hemispher herzegovina hierarchi high high-comput highest hijack hilton hip histor histori hit hk hm hobb hoc home homeless honeywel hong hook hop hospit host host-host host-to-host hostnam hotel hotwired.com hour hous howev hr ht htcpcp/1.0 hu human hundr hung hungari hunt hut hyper hytelnet iab iahc iana ibm ibm-europ icann iccb iccc ice iceland id idea identif identifi ie ieee iesg ietf ifip ii iii iikk il illeg im imag imp impact implement impos inabl inaccess inaugur inc incid incit includ inclus incorpor incorrect increas indec independ index india indian indic individu indonesia indonesian industri infiltr infinit info info.cern.ch inform infrastructur infring initi injunct inktomi instal instanc instead institut insure.com integr intelink intellect intent interact intercomput intercon interconnect interest interfac interfaith interim intern internation internet internet-on internet.com internet2 internetwork interop interoper intra intra-machin introduc intrus invalid invent invest.com involv inwg io ip ipng ipo ipto ipv4 ipv6 iq iran iranian iraq irc ireland irh irtf isi isl island iso isoc isod isp israel issu istf itali ithaca ivoir j.c.r jail jamaica jan jan-feb janet januari jap japan japanes jargon jarkko java javascript je jean jen jersey jg1 jim jip jm jo job john join joint joker.com jon jordan jp jtl judg jul juli jun jun-jul june junet junip justic jvnc jvncnet k k-root k.root-servers.net kahl kahn kapor kashpureff kazakhstan ke keep keho kennedi kenya kevin key kf1 kf2 kg kh ki kick kid kids-saf kids.us kind kingdom kiribati kite kjhk kk kleinrock kline km knock know known kong korea korean kr kredit.de kremvax krfc krnic ks ks-lawrenc kug kuwait kw ky kyrgyzstan kz l la lab laboratori labour lack lambdarail lamprecht landweb languag lanka lao larg large-scal larger largest larri las last late later latter latvia launch law law.pro lawrenc lawsuit lb lead leader leas leav lebanon lectron lee left legal length leon leonard let letter level lexic lexington lhl li liberia libya licens licklid liechtenstein life lift like limit lin lincoln lindner line link linkabit linux list listserv liszt lithuania litig littl live lk lobbi local locat lockup log login london long longer longest look loos los lose lotteri loui love lover lr lt lu luxembourg lv ly lyco m m40 ma macao machin mackenzi madagascar made madman magazin mahathir mail main mainten major make malawi malaysia malaysian maldiv malici mall malvern man manag mani manufactur manzhouli mar march mariana marino mark market marshal martiniqu maryland mashup mass massiv materi mathemat mauritania mauritius may mayen mayott mbone mbps mc mccahil mcdonald mcgill mci mci/worldcom mean meant measur med.pro media medium meet melbourn melissa melt member memo memorabilia memori merg merger merit messag metcalf method mexico mg mh mi6 michael michigan micronesia microsoft mid mid-atlant middl middlesex migrat mike mil mile militari millennium million million-dollar millionth milnet mime minet mini minist ministri minitel minneapoli minneapolis-st minnesota minor minut miquelon mirror missouri mit mit.edu mitch mitre.org mm mn mo mob mobi mobil moc.gov.af mod model moder modifi mohamad monaco money mongolia monica monkey monopoli month montserrat moral morn morocco morri mosaic moscow mount movement movi mp mp3 mpc mq mr ms msb msblast msg msggroup msh mu much mud mud1 multi multi-n multicast multilingu multipl multiprocess multitud munit museum music muslid must mv mw mx myanmar name nameserv napster nasa nasa/ames nasdaq nation nativ nauru nc ncar ncc ncp ncp/tcp ncsa ne near nec nec-ri necessari neda need nepal net net-cel net-surf net-wid net/atlantic net3 netcom netherland netnorth netscap netto network neuromanc neustar nevada new newark/nj newman news newsgroup next nf ng ni nic nicaragua niger nigeria night nimda niprnet nist niue nje nl nntp node nom non non-english non-ip non-pay nordunet norfolk norman norsar north northeast northern norway notic nov novemb novosibirsk np npl nptn nr nren nri nsd nsf nsf-fund nsfnet nsi nu number numer nvp nwg nxoc01.cern.ch nysernet nz o objection observ obtain oc oc48 occur ocean oct octet octob off-citi offens offer offic offici offlin ogrish.com ohio oikarinen olymp om oman omnisci on-lin one one-year onet onlin open oper optic option order oregon org organ origin os os/mvt osi osi-on other out outag outcom outlin outsid oversight overthrow owner p p2p pa pack packet packet-switch packets/month page paid pakistan palau palestin pan pan-european panama panel panix paper par para paradigm paraguay parc parliament parliamentari parri part parti particip partner partridg pass past path paul pay payment pb1 pdp pds pe peer peer-to-p peg peg-dhcp perform period person perspect peru peter pf pgp ph ph1 phase phd philip philippin phillipin phone physic pi pierr pir pitcairn pittsburgh pizza pl place plains/ny plan pleas plo pluribus pm pn poem point poland polic polit polli polynesia popular porn.com port portal portug pose possibl post post-testb postal postel pot pouzin power pr predomin prefix present presid [email protected] pressur pretti previous price primarili prime princeton princip principl print privaci privat prnet pro problem proceed process processor prodigi product profil program prohibit project prolifer promot propag properti propos prosecutor protest protocol provid ps ps-network psc psinet psychot pt public publish puerto punctuat purchas purdu purdue.edu purpos push put pw qa qatar qualiti quarter queen question quick quotat r rab radar radio rage railroad railtrack rais ramo rand random randomly-los rang raphael rare rate ray rayaneh rd re reach read real real-lif real-tim realaudio realiti rebroadcast rec receiv recogn recommend reconstitut record red redeleg redirect refer region regist register.com registerfly.com registr registrar registri relat relax relay releas reliabl religi reloc remembr remot remov renam repeat replac repli replic report repres republ request requir research reseaux resolv resourc respect respond respons restor restrict result retail retain retir return reunion revert revis rfc rfcs ri riaa rica rice.edu richard rick rico rider right ring ripe rippl risq rita rm1 rnp2 ro robert rockin roman romania romkey root rough round rout router roy royal royalti rsa rsre rt rt-fm ru rule run rush russia russia-china russian rutgers.edu rw rwanda sa sac safe sail sale samoa san santa sao saskatchewan satellit satnet saudi saver sc sc1 scale schedul school scienc scientist scores.com scott screen sd sdc sds sds940/genie sdsc sdscnet se search second second-level secret section secur see seed seen segment seiz select sell semaphor senat send sendmsg seneg seniros.com sent sentenc sep sept septemb serbia/kosovo sercnet seri serious serv server servic session set seti seven sever sex sex.com seychell sf sf-lover sfss sg sh share shift shockwav shop shopping.de show shut si siegel sierra sigma sign signal silenc silent similar simultan sinc singapor singl sircam site size sj sjcc sk sk2 skater sketch sl slammer slovakia slovenia slow sm small smaller sn snake snmp sob sobig.f social societ societi softwar solar solar-pow sold soldier solut somalia sonet song sonnet soon sopac sound sourc south southeast southern sovereignti space spacecraft spain spain-bas spam span specif specifi speed spice spider spike spin split sponsor sport spot spread sputnik sql sri st stamp standard stanford star starr start start-up state statement station status status-messag stefferud steve still stock stoll stood stop store stori storm stream struck student studi stuttgart style sublimin subliminal-messag submarin subnet subscript subsequ subsid success sudan sue suffer suggest suit summer summit sun sunris super super-comput supercomput suppli support suprem suranet sure surf surfnet surpass susan suspend sussex svalbard sw1 swaziland sweden swiss switch switzerland sy symbolics.com symposium syn syria system sz t1 t3 tabl tac taiwan tajikistan take tale taliban talk tamper tandberg.com tanzania target task tast tattoo tax tb1 tc tcp tcp/ip td team tech technic technolog technophob tel telecom telecom/ol telecommun telecomput telegram telenet teletel teletyp televis tell telnet ten tenex tennesse terabit terascal terena term termin terra territori test testb texa text tf tg th thailand thank theori theorynet thesi thin thing think think.com though thousand threat three three-judg thrown tier tim time time-shar timekeep timelin timet timor tip tis tj tk tld tlds tm tn to/from toaster today togo tokelau toler tom tome tomlinson tonga tongu tongue-in-cheek took tool top topix.com toronto total toward toys.com tp tp1 tr trade trademark tradit traffic train tran trans-european transfer transform transient transit translat transmiss transmit transport travel treasuri treati tri trial tribe trillion troubleshoot trubshaw true trunk truscott truth tunisia tunnel turk turkey turkmenistan turn tuvalu tv tv.com tw twas twelv twic twice twitter two tx tymnet tymshar type typo tz u ua uae ucl ucla ucla.edu ucsb ucsd ug uganda uiu uiuc uk ukrain um un unanim unauthor unc uncompress unconstitut undersea underwat undp undp.org.af unicef unicod unifi union unit univ univers universitaria unix unix-to-unix unlist unoffici unreach unrest upcom updat upgrad url uruguay us usa usaf usag usc use usenet usenix user usia usispa usno ussr utah utf uucp uunet uy uz uzbekistan v.g va valu van vanuatu various vat vatican vbns ve vega vendor venezuela verd verisign verizon vernor veronica version vg vgc vi via vice vice-presid [email protected] video view viewer ving vint vinton virgin virginia virtual virus vista.com vittal vnds vodka.com voic vote vrml vs vu w w4 wa wai walker walli wallstreet.com wander want war washington watch watt way wayn web web-bas web.net week well went west western wf wg wherebi whether white whitehouse.gov whoi whole wi wi-fi wide wide-area wildcard wildcat william wine.com winter wipe wire wired496 wireless wiretap wisconsin within without woodcock word work workstat world world-wid world.std.com worldnet worldwid worlwid worm would write written ws www www.alternic.net www.govt.nz www.govt.nz/) www.hm-treasury.gov.uk www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/) www.internic.net www.kantei.go.jp www.kantei.go.jp/) www.vatican.va www.vatican.va/) wxyc wz1 x.25 x.25-based xerox xml xxx y10k yahoo yale yasser ye year yemen yes york youtub yt za zabajk zair zbi zealand zen zero zero-length zima zimbabw zimmerman zone zr åland éane