R. Akkiraju, J. Farrell, J.Miller, M. Nagarajan, M. Schmidt, A. Sheth, K. Verma, "Web Service Semantics - WSDL-S," A joint UGA-IBM Technical Note, version 1.0, April 18, 2005. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/METEOR-S/WSDL-S

Web Service Semantics - WSDL-S
Technical Note
Version 1.0
April, 2005
Authors (alphabetically):
Rama Akkiraju, IBM Research
Joel Farrell, IBM Software Group
John Miller, LSDIS Lab, University of Georgia
Meenakshi Nagarajan, LSDIS Lab, University of Georgia
Marc-Thomas Schmidt, IBM Software Group
Amit Sheth, LSDIS Lab, University of Georgia
Kunal Verma, LSDIS Lab, University of Georgia

Copyright Notice
Copyright© 2005 International Business Machines Corporation and University of Georgia. All rights reserved.
IBM and the University of Georgia (collectively, the "Authors") hereby grant you permission to copy and display the Web Service Semantics – WSDL-S Technical Note, in any medium without fee or royalty, provided that you include the following on ALL copies of the Web Services Semantic Annotations – WSDL-S Technical Note, or portions thereof, that you make:

1.

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WEB SERVICE SEMANTICS – WSDL-S TECHNICAL NOTE IS PROVIDED "AS IS," AND THE AUTHORS MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, OR TITLE; THAT THE CONTENTS OF WEB SERVICE SEMANTICS – WSDL-S TECHNICAL NOTE ARE SUITABLE FOR ANY PURPOSE; NOR THAT THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCH CONTENTS WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY PATENTS, COPYRIGHTS, TRADEMARKS OR OTHER RIGHTS.

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R. Akkiraju, J. Farrell, J.Miller, M. Nagarajan, M. Schmidt, A. Sheth, K. Verma, "Web Service Semantics - WSDL-S," A joint UGA-IBM Technical Note, version 1.0, April 18, 2005. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/METEOR-S/WSDL-S

written prior permission. Title to copyright in Web Service Semantics – WSDL-S Technical Note will at all times remain with the Authors.
No other rights are granted by implication, estoppel or otherwise.

Abstract
The current WSDL standard operates at the syntactic level and lacks the semantic expressivity needed to represent the requirements and capabilities of Web Services. Semantics can improve software reuse and discovery, significantly facilitate composition of Web services and enable integrating legacy applications as part of business process integration. The Web Service Semantics technical note defines a mechanism to associate semantic annotations with Web services that are described using Web Service Description Language (WSDL). It is conceptually based on, but a significant refinement in details of, the original WSDL-S proposal [WSDL-S] from the LSDIS laboratory at the University of Georgia. In this proposal, we assume that formal semantic models relevant to the services already exist. In our approach, these models are maintained outside of WSDL documents and are referenced from the WSDL document via WSDL extensibility elements. The type of semantic information that would be useful in describing a Web Service encompass the concepts defined by the semantic Web community in OWL-S [OWL-S] and other efforts [METEOR-S, WSMO]. The semantic information specified in this document includes definitions of the precondition, input, output and effects of Web service operations. This approach offers multiple advantages over OWL-S. First, users can describe, in an upwardly compatible way, both the semantics and operation level details in WSDL- a language that the developer community is familiar with. Secondly, by externalizing the semantic domain models, we take an agnostic approach to ontology representation languages. This allows Web service developers to annotate their Web services with their choice of ontology language (such as UML or OWL) unlike in OWL-S. This is significant because the ability to reuse existing domain models expressed in modeling languages like UML can greatly alleviate the need to separately model semantics. Finally, it is relatively easy to update the existing tooling around WSDL specification to accommodate our incremental approach.

Status
This is a technical note provided for discussion purposes and to elicit feedback on approaches to adding semantics to Web services descriptions.

Table of Contents
Web Service Semantics - WSDL-S .............................................................................. 1 1.

Introduction ................................................................................................. 3

2.

Requirements for Web Service Semantics ......................................................... 6

3.

An Example.................................................................................................. 7

4.

Using the Extensibility Elements of WSDL ....................................................... 11

5.

WSDL 1.1 Support ...................................................................................... 23

6.

References ................................................................................................. 23

7.

Appendix A: Specifying Schema mapping Using XSLT ....................................... 25

8.

Appendix B: Specifying Schema mapping using XQuery .................................... 28

9.

Appendix C: Purchase Order Ontology............................................................ 31

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R. Akkiraju, J. Farrell, J.Miller, M. Nagarajan, M. Schmidt, A. Sheth, K. Verma, "Web Service Semantics - WSDL-S," A joint UGA-IBM Technical Note, version 1.0, April 18, 2005. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/projects/METEOR-S/WSDL-S

10.

Appendix D: Mapping Choices ....................................................................... 33

1. Introduction
As the set of available Web Services expands, it becomes increasingly important to have automated tools to help identify services that match a requester's requirements. Finding suitable Web services depends on the facilities available for service providers to describe the capabilities of their services and for service requ...

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