Essay preview
Introduction to Internet
• Chapter 2
Computer Applications in Management
Learning Objectives
• Explain and distinguish the concepts of Internet,
Intranet and Extranet.
• The history and benefit of Internet, Intranet and
Extranet.
• The current issues related to the Internet.
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Content
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Concepts of Internet, Intranet, Extranet
History of Internet
Infrastructure of Internet
Benefits of Internet
Issues related to Internet
– Internet operations
– Internet services
– World Wide Web (WWW)
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Concept of Internet, Intranet and Extranet
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Introduction
• The Internet or “Net” (network of networks) is the
largest computer network in the world that connects
billions of computer users allowing participants to
share information on those computers.
• The word internet comes from combination between
“interconnection” and “Network”
• Network is a collection of computers and devices
connected via communication channels and
transmission media allow to share resources
(hardware, software, data, information).
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Internet/internet
• The Internet is a worldwide publicly accessible system of interconnected computer networks.
• internet may refer to:
– Any internetwork = internetworking (a combination of the words inter ("between") and networking; it is the practice of connecting a computer network with other networks
through the use of gateways that provide a common
method of routing information packets between the
networks.
– A private network = a private network is a network that uses private IP address space. These addresses are commonly
used for home, office, and enterprise local area networks
(LANs)
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Internet
• The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.
• It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of
local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of
electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies.
• The Internet carries an extensive range of information
resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext
documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the
infrastructure to support email.
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The Internet Revolution
• The Internet is often referred to as the Information
Superhighway because it connects millions of people across
the globe.
– Millions of smaller, private networks operating independent of, or in harmony with, each other
– 10 servers in 1991 to over 46 million today
– Sustained growth in excess of 1 million servers per month – No central computer system
– No governing body
– Based on common standards
• The Web provides an easy-to-use interface to Internet
resources that has become an everyday tool.
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Intranet
• Intranet is a private network within a company or
organization that similar to the Internet.
• A computer network that uses Internet Protocol
technology to securely share any part of an organization's
information or network operating system within that
organization.
• It is the connection of computer networks in a local area. • Offer many of the features and services available on the Internet such as Web systems, email newsgroups and
chat.
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Intranets
• Intranets are protected by…
– Passwords
– Encryption
– Firewalls
• Customers, suppliers, and other business
partners can access an intranet via extranet
links
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Intranet (cont…)
• Intranet allows employees of a company to access
information quickly and efficiently.
• When information is easy to access, it often increases
the productivity of a company.
• For example: employees can access a phone
directory on the intranet instead contacting the
receptionist for numbers.
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Intranets as Information Portals
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Intranet Services
• Among the services offered by intranet:
– Video conferencing: By using their computers, people on an intranet can see and hear each other when they are
communicating.
– Scheduling: The ability to organize and schedule meetings and projects.
– Email:Intranet allows companies to exchange messages using the same type of email systems found on the Internet.
– Newgroups: also similar to those on the Internet
– File transfer: also similar to those on the Internet
– Chatting: can set up chat channels on an intranet like the one found on the Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
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Extranet
• An extranet is a private computer network that connects
more than one organization and allows controlled access
from the outside.
• It can be viewed as an extension of an organization's
intranet that is extended to users outside the
organization, usually partners, vendors, suppliers, or
customers in isolation from all other Internet users.
• It restricted it’s network access to certain parties.
• Extranet allows it’s those parties to gain access to the network easier and thus encourage better business
collaborations.
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Extranet (cont…)
• Dealing with extranet requires high level of security
since no unintended parties should be able to access
the network without permission.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN) is commonly used to
increase the security of an extranet.
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Extranet Connectivity
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History & Benefits
of Internet, Intranet and Extranet
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Why was the internet created?
• The concept of internet was developed while
the US was in the mid of cold war with Soviet
Union (1950s).
– Established a secure form of military
communication.
– Creating a means by which all computers could
communicate.
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Brief History
• Internet evolved from an early US government-funded
“internetworking” project called the Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) in 1969.
• Purpose: to connect researchers from 4 universities in
USA.( Stanford Research Institute, UCLA, UC Santa
Barbara and University of Utah)
• Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work together
• In 1980s the actual internet was born when other
networks connected with ARPANET.
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Brief History (cont…)
• In 1982 the word internet started.
• 1986: First “freenet” created in Case Western
Reserve University
• 1991: US government allowed business agencies to
connect to internet.
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History of Internet
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Brief History (cont…)
• From there evolved a high-speed backbone of Internet access for many other types of networks, universities, institutions, bulletin board systems and commercial online services.
• The end of the decade saw the emergence of the World Wide Web.
• Now all peoples can connect to internet and improve their life and work quality.
• The internet support various aspects in our life.
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History of Internet
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