UNIT II
FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION
Government policies that award jobs, government contracts, promotions, admission to schools, and other benefits to minorities and women. The purpose of affirmative action legislation is to promote equality among the races (such as in schools). and genders.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
First plan of government for the United States
Established a confederate government; the central government had no power Had many weaknesses – central government could not tax, had no executive branch, had no way to enforce laws

BILL OF RIGHTS
These are the first ten amendments to the Constitution. They were added to clarify the rights of citizens. One of their main purposes is to limit the power of the government. They were added because opponents of the original Constitution in 1787 felt that the Bill of Rights needed to be added. They are as follows:

1. Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly---These rights are not absolute however. These rights can be limited. A religion cannot infringe upon the rights of others. The government must treat religion the same as all other organizations. There is to be a separation of church and state. It is legal for government to restrict a religious practice if it threatens people’s safety and health. The press cannot print things that damage a person’s reputation (if they are not true) or print things that may cause unrest. Music and speech can be censored if it is offensive to others, poses a threat, incites others to violence, poses a secur...

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