Alexys Allen
August 1, 2014
Part Three: Court Cases

1. Marbury v. Madison(1803): Designated as a justice of the peace in the District of Columbia the last minute appointment were never fully finalized Precedent: when the constitution conflicts with an act of the legislature that act is invalidated established the supreme courts power of judicial law 2. McCulloch v. Maryland(1819): The state of Maryland passed legislation to impose lanes on the bank, McCulloch the cashier, of Baltimore branch of the bank refused to pay the tax Precedent: the constitution controls laws of the respective states and cannot be controlled by them 3. Gibbons v. Ogden(1824): gibbons did business between New York and New Jersey and challenged the monopoly license granted by NY to Aaron Odgen in paying fees for navigation privileges Precedent: regulation of navigation by steamboat operators to conduct interstate commerce was a power reserved to and exercise3d by the congress 4. Barron v. Baltimore(1833): large amounts of sand accumulated in the harbor depriving Barron of the deep waters ,he sued the city to recover a portion of his financial losses Precedent: the supreme court had no jurisdiction in this case since the 5th Amendment was not applicable to the states 5. Dred Scott v. Stanford(1857): Dred Scott was a slave, then removed in Illinois in an area owned by Louisiana where slavery was forbidden. His master maintained that no pure blooded negro of African descent of slaves could be a citizen in Article III of the constitution Precedent: under articles 3 and 4 no one but a citizen of the state and only congress could confer national citizenship held the Missouri compromise unconstitutional hoping to end slavery questions for good 6. United Sates v. Nixon (1974): Nixon and his closest aides sought audio tapes of conversations in the oval office and was convicted and arrested. In his defense he stated he was immune and had “executive privilege” Precedent: the court claimed there was a limited executive privilege in areas of military and diplomatic affairs the president must obey the subpoena and produce the tapes and documents. Nixon resigned shortly after the release of the tapes 7. Clinton v. New York City(1998): Snake river farmers challenged a provision to permit some food refiners and processors to defer recognition of their capital gains after a cancellation of the federal government’s ability to recoup nearly 2.6 billion in taxes Precedent: legislation that passes both houses of congress must be approved or rejected by the president 8. Baker v. Carr(1962): baker alleged a law designed to apportion the seats for the states general assembly was ignored, he detailed how Tennessee’s reappointment efforts ignored significant economic growth and population shifts Precedent: the 14th Amendment equal protection issues which baker and others raised in this case merited judicial evaluation 9. Wesberry v. Sanders(1963): wesberry filed a suit against the states apportionment scheme claiming the system diluted his right to vote compared to other Georgia residents Precedent: the scheme grossly discriminated against votes in the 5th congressional district a single congressman had to represent 2 to 3 times as many people represented by congressmen in other districts 10. Buckley v. Valeo(1976): congress attempted to ferret out corruption in political campaigns by restricting financial contributions to candidates Precedent: the court found that thee limitation on total campaign expenditures did violate the 1st Amendment restricting them did not serve a government interest to warrant a curtailment 11. McConnell v. FEC(2003): a panel struck down portions of the campaign finance reforms acts ban on soft-money donations but upheld some of the restrictions on the kind of advertisements parties engage in Precedent: the law on...

-89 000 1 10 11 12 13 14 14th 15 16 17 18 1803 1819 1824 1833 1857 1878 1896 19 1919 1925 1944 1954 1958 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1977 1978 1984 1985 1988 1989 1990 1992 1996 1997 1998 1st 2 2.6 20 2000 2003 2007 201 2010 2013 2014 203 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 2nd 3 30 31 32 33 34 35 350 36 37 38 39 3rd 4 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4th 5 50 5th 6 7 7/8ths 8 9 9066 aaron abil abl abolish abort accept accommod accord accumul act action activ addit administr admiss admit adult advertis affair affirm afford african aggreg agre aid alexi alleg allen alongsid also amend america american among amount anarchi ancestri anonym anoth ant apart appeal appel appli applic appoint apport apportion appropri approv area argu argument arizona arm arrest articl ask assembl asset assist atlanta attain attempt attorney audio august author avail back baker bakk baltimor ban band bank banner barker barron bas base basi bcra belief belong benefit bifurc billion birth black blood board bodi bolling bond boy branch break brief broadcast brought brown buckley burden burn busi california call came campaign cancel candid cannot capit capitalist car care carr case casey cashier centuri challeng charg chicago christian cigarett circuit circular circumst citi citizen citizenship civil civilian claim class classif classifi claus clinton closest collin color columbia come commerc commit communiti compar compel compromis compulsori concept concern conclud conduct confer conflict congress congression congressman congressmen connecticut conscript consent consid constitu constitut consumpt contribut control convers convict copi corpor corpus corrupt could counsel court creat crimin critic cruel curtail custodi cut dale danger david death decis declar deem deep defam defend defens defer defin defus deliber demonstr deni depart depriv des descent design destroy detail deviat didn differ dilut diplomat direct director disagre discov discrimin dismiss displac display distinct distribut district divers document doe dollar donat drafte drawn dred drug due e eagl east econom edit educ effect effort either elect elimin embrac emerg enact encourag end engag engl enjoy entangl enter enterpris entir equal espionag establish evalu even evid exact exceed except exclud exclus excus execut exercis exercise3d expenditur explicit express extrem facil factor fail fals farmer faulti fe fec feder fee fell ferguson ferret fetus file fill final financ financi find flag flow food footbal forbad forbid forbidden form found frederick free freedom fugit fulli fund further gain game garner gave gender general georgia get gibbon gideon gitiow given goal good got govern gpa grant gratz gregg griswold grossli growth grutter guilti habea hand handgun harbor hazel hazelwood heard heart heighten held heller high higher hillari histori hold home homosexu hook hope hous houston hr idea identifi ignor ii iii illeg illinoi immun implement impos in1995 inadmiss inappropri includ inconsist incrimin independ indict individu inform initi injunct instanc institut insuffici integr intend intent intercours interest interfer interim interrog interst intervent intim introduc invalid involv island issu jail japanes jersey johnson jr judici jurisdict justic justifi kansa kill kind king know korematsu kuhlemei kurtzman lane larg last law lawrenc lawyer learn led legisl legislatur legitim lemon leon letter libel licens life limit local long lose loss louisiana love lsat luther madison mail maintain make male man mani map mapp marburi marijuana marri marshal martin maryland mass master materi may mcconnel mcculloch mccutcheon mcdonald mean medic membership merit messag michigan militari miller minor minut miranda miscegen misdemeanor mismatch misplac missouri moin money monopoli mors motel motiv move movi murder must narrowli nation natur navig near need negro never new newspap nixon non non-publ none null number ny obey oblig obscen obstacl obtain odgen odious offenc offend offens offer offic offici ogden ohio old one oper order ordin oregon other outset outweigh oval over own panel paper parent parenthood parochi part parti particular pass path pay payment peac peacetim pedagog penalti pennsylvania peopl peril perjuri permit person petit petition place plan plead plessi polic polici polit poolroom popul portion possess post potter power practic prayer pre pre-act preced prefer pregnanc pregnant presid prevent princip prior privaci privat privileg problem procedur proceed process processor produc prohibit promot prosecutor protect protest proud prove provid provis public publish punish pure purpos qualif question quota race racial railway rais reagan reappoint reason recognit recoup recov refer refin reform refus regent regist registr regul reject relat releas relief religi remain remand remov repeal repres request requir reserv resid resign respect restrict result retain return rev review revok reynold rhode right rigid river robberi roe rule safeguard salalri sale sand sander santa sat sate save saw say scheck scheme schneck school scope score scott scout scrutini search seat section secular secur seek seeki9ing segreg seizur self sentenc separ serv set sex sexual shift short signific simpli sinc singl skoki slave slaveri smith smoke snake social socialist societi soft soft-money solut sorna sort sought southern specifi speech sponsor spous standard stanford state statement statu statut steamboat stem stewart strict strike struck student student-l studi su subject subpoena subsid substant substanti suggest suit sullivan supplement support suppress suprem surveil suspect suspend suspens system tailor take tape target tax tennesse termin texa thee therefor thing three thurgood time tinker tip titl tlo today toler topeka total tradit train treatment trial trimest turn twice two type u.s unconstitut uncontrol undergradu undu union unit univers unlaw unless unusu updat upheld upon use utter v valeo valu vari vietnam villag violat violenc virginia vital vml void voluntari vote vulner vwi wade wainwright wait warn warrant wartim washington water way.in wear wer wesberri whether white whose wingo wish withheld within without woman women world would written wrong wrote wwii year york yr